References to pesticide products in this publication are for your convenience and are not an endorsement of one product over other similar products. It is sown in January and will provide good fodder late in winter. Hairy WInter Vetch. Because rye is well past the stage for best quality hay by the time vetch is ready for mowing, the quality of the hay is low. Cooperative Extension has offices in every county, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Vernon G. James Research & Extension Center, Entomology – Insect Biology and Management, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Weed Management in Nurseries, Landscapes & Christmas Trees, [sulfentrazone + prodiamine], MOA 14 + 3 (4 SC) (Echelon), summer annual or winter annual or biennial weed, vining; vine-like, forms a mat; hairy stems. Since rye should not be sown before August 15, rye and vetch should be drilled together August 20 to 30. Highly palatable and non-bloating. Latin Name: Vicia villosa Common Names: Winter Vetch, Fodder Vetch, Sand Vetch Hairy Vetch Hardiness Zones: Perennial to zones 1-7, Annual cover crop Days to Maturity: 80-90 days (longer when left to germinate over winter) Hairy Vetch Seeding Rate: 1-2 lb per 1000 sq. You are responsible for using pesticides according to the manufacturer's current label directions. This photo is mine. Stem. Annual Average Precipitation: 17 inches. If the vetch is to be used for hay and is near harvesting, it is advisable to cut the crop promptly. Description ; Description. In spring, the plant produces 3 to 10 long, weak, branching stems or vines 3 to 6 ft long. The pea aphid may become abundant on vetch in the spring. These bugs tend to feed on the reproductive parts, often causing the buds and flowers to drop. The stem of hairy vetch has spreading hairs. N.C. Light, early- spring pasturing reduces excessive vine growth, delays bloom and may improve the seed yield. There are 4 recognized subspecies of V. villosa, 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy. Native or Introduced: Introduced. Native: Introduced: Both: Absent/Unreported : … Follow directions exactly to protect people and the environment from pesticide exposure. However, the species in commercial use, including hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), are all native to Europe or western Asia. Coring and traffic control reduce compaction and encourage desirable turfgrass competition. The vetch bruchid is a small, blackish, chunky seed weevil about 1/8 in. 1972. Seed development may be hindered by this disease. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)is an annual, biennial, or rarely perennial, trailing or climbing legume. While most of the cultivated vetches are annuals, hairy vetch is grown as an annual or winter annual. For soil improvement: When sown in August, a considerable growth of rye and vetch can be plowed down the following spring, prior to June 10, so that a crop of silage corn, late-planted potatoes, or another late-planted crop can be planted on the land. Hairy vetch is the most winter-hardy of the commercial vetches, though it may not survive a winter without a snow cover. U.S.D.A. Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) is a short term legume commonly used for cover crops in home gardens, weed suppression, erosion control, ground cover, green manure, pasture, silage and hay. Hairy vetch. Vetch can be difficult to grow for seed. Vetch produces a hay yield of 1.5 to 3.5 ton/acre dry weight. Kelling1. Nematodes are most active in warm weather, and damage may be reduced by moderately late planting. Subscribe By Email chevron_right. Vetch does not require nitrogen fertilization. It can provide sufficient N for many vegetable crops, partially replace N fertilizer for corn or cotton, and increase cash crop N efficiency for higher yield. There was no interaction between the two factors. Shattered seed can be disked in as soon as possible after harvest to start a new crop. Madson (1951) remarked on the vigorous viny growth and the marked hairiness or pubescence. Grassy fields should be plowed or thoroughly cultivated during July before planting vetch. It prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 and is adapted to high soil fertility status (phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur). Bloom Season . The eggs are laid on the green vetch pods in the spring. -->. (Wisconsin). Older plants become stunted or discolored red or yellow when infected. 3. Heavy, green vetch should be windrowed with a side-delivery rake. Hairy vetch will not successfully overwinter in many northern areas of the Midwest. Vetches are susceptible to several fungal diseases, some of which are restricted by temperature and moisture conditions to certain parts of the country. Vetch, alone or with rye, is threshed with a grain thresher. If seed is not cleaned, a white mold will grow on the black vetch seed, lowering the quality. Metcalfe. Follow instructions carefully to achieve an even coat of fresh inoculum on the seed. Late seeding and unusually cold fall weather also result in more winter injury. The stubble may provide enough winter protection to overwinter a vetch crop by holding snow on the field. Hairy vetch, (Vicia villosa), aka sand vetch or winter vetch, is the most winter-hardy of the vetches. It sucks sap from the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow. Weeds are rarely a serious problem in vetch fields, especially when seeded in late summer or early fall. Call for Pricing. Hairy vetch delivers heavy contributions of mineralized N (readily available to the following cash crop). Roots of diseased plants are badly discolored. Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. 1. The leaves have 12 to 20 leaflets and terminate with tendrils. Send Explanation, This Extension factsheet can also be viewed at: https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/hairy-vetch. Adapts well to most climates and soil types, but doesn’t like poorly drained sites. Due to its vining and climbing morphology, it is frequently planted with rye or another small grain to provide a living trellis. Widely adapted and winter hardy through Hardiness Zone 4 and into Zone 3 (with snow cover), hairy vetch is a top N provider in temperate and subtropical regions. The stem of cow vetch has sparse short hairs; hairy vetch has long, spreading hairs. Hairy vetch, which was the only winter annual legume at A ˚ s, had not begun senescence at this time. Harvesting losses due to shattering may be large. Farmers' Bulletin No. It is widely adapted and hardy in the north with snow cover. Shallower plantings will give good stands if there is sufficient moisture. A disease that resembles anthracnose, but is caused by a different fungus, is prevalent on hairy vetch in the South. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. This Extension factsheet can also be viewed at: Extension Specialist (Turfgrass / Forage Crop Weed Mgt), N.C. 4. While most of the cultivated vetches are annuals, hairy vetch is grown as an annual or winter annual. Maintain a dense, actively growing turf through proper mowing, fertilizing, and watering practices. They withstand trampling, provide grazing during May and June and have a feeding value slightly lower than that of clover and alfalfa. Hughes, H.D., and D.S. Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist. Ideal Region. Most vetch species require between 350 mm - 550 mm rainfall per annum and if managed well, can provide a good quality animal feed in winter months. Data Source and Documentation: About our new maps. Hairy vetch is the most winter-hardy of the vetches. When seeding a mixture of vetch and rye, the quantity of vetch seed should be reduced by about 25% and the grain should be reduced by about 50% of the monoculture rate. Hairy Vetch Vicia villosa Bean family (Fabaceae) Description: This annual or biennial plant is 1-3' tall, branching occasionally and having a tendency to sprawl. Sand Vetch for Sandy Soils. It is the only vetch that can be grown in the Upper Midwest. In central Wisconsin or Minnesota, the best time to plant vetch is from July 25 to August 30. The hay can be cured in the windrow or bunched and allowed to cure in shocks. Weak stems grow two to three feet high. What made it so helpful? For this reason, vetch is usually mixed with faster establishing cover crops such as radish and rye grass. The vetches (plants of the genus Vicia) are distributed throughout the temperate zones of both hemispheres. Adapts well to most climates and soil types, but doesn’t like poorly drained sites. The leaves of hairy vetch are oblong, with 5-10 pairs of leaves per leaflet. Hairy vetch can be both an annual or short-lived perennial, and produces abundant amounts of biomass. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. They do not infest dry seed. The disease can cause serious damage to hairy vetch seedlings. Please visit our sponsors Where to buy native seed and plants ↓ Good stands are obtained from planting the vetch at a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 in. The pods mature unevenly and tend to shatter easily. Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. Early - Mid Spring 3 items; Mid - Late Spring 2 items; Early - Mid Summer 2 items; Mid - Late Summer 2 items; Less. Another source stated that crown vetch grew in a large horse pasture, but that the animals avoided it. The cover grows slowly in fall, but root development continues over winter. Cow and hairy vetch (Vicia cracca and V. villosa) is a herbaceous, sprawling, vine-like plant.Annual or short-lived perennial. However, where soil tests are very high (greater than 25 to 30 ppm P and 110 to 130 ppm K) applications can be eliminated. lastMod = new Date(document.lastModified) Lygus bugs can cause considerable damage to vetch. Check on the adaptability of hairy vetch to your location before planting. ft Seed Planting Depth: Broadcasting directly and lightly tamp into soil When the crop is thin, it can be cut with a mower and windrowed. Black stem occurs wherever vetches are grown in the United States and is caused by several closely related fungi. Mow at the proper height for your selected adapted turfgrass. 'Madison' was developed in Nebraska and is very cold tolerant. Vetch is often grown with a small grain for forage; rye is generally used for this purpose in the Upper Midwest. In addition, it is advisable to avoid growing vetch continuously on the same land, use disease-free seed, and destroy volunteer plants that may harbor or spread diseases to new seedlings. After the pods are formed, lygus bugs will feed on the immature seeds and cause them to shrivel and turn brown. 1Departments of Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and Cooperative Extension Service, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706. Hairy vetch can be both an annual or short-lived perennial, and produces abundant amounts of biomass. Crown vetch is a perennial herb in the pea/legume family. Later seeded vetch grown as a cover crop for green manure, will supply a smaller amount of N. Vetches are also grown for pasture. When hairy vetch is sown in late July or August, the seed germinates readily and the plants generally form a crown before the first snow. Growers are advised to identify a seed market before harvesting seed. Tufted Vetch is also a perennial where Hairy Vetch is mostly an annual. D.J. Because they are legumes, vetches can be grown on nitrogen-depleted soils without the addition of N fertilizer. Based in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, we reach millions of The ground cover of dead plant material averaged over locations varied from 37% (subclover Nuba) to 15% (hairy vetch). Growth quickens in spring, when hairy vetch becomes a sprawling vine up to 12 feet long. Stem rot of vetch is caused by a fungus that is destructive during cool, wet weather. Repeated production of rye and vetch on the same land, however, favors growth of winter annual and perennial weeds. When hairy vetch is spring sown, it will bloom and produce some seed the same season. It may be caused by one or several unrelated fungi that can attack plants at all stages of growth. Vetches grow well on a wide range of soil types, but are best adapted to loamy and sandy soils. For best results, the seedbed should be firm and have adequate moisture for good seed germination. It is common to waste areas and roadsides. Annual 2 items; Perennial 1 item; Mix of Annuals & Perennials 1 item; Less. Gray mold, or botrytis leaf spot, sometimes causes considerable defoliation of vetch. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. This legume grows best in soils high in available potassium. The grain supports the weak stems of the vetch and reduces lodging. Stem discoloration is the most distinctive symptom, although the fungi also produce large, dark, irregular lesions on the leaves. Wood Vetch (Vicia sylvatica) – perennial; Hairy/Fodder/Large Russian Vetch (Vicia villosa) – annual or perennial in warmer climates – Winter hardy; poor flavor; forage crop; popular Winter cover crop; My kids and I sitting and shelling Fava Beans on a Saturday morning! Minimum precipitation 18-20”. Cool season, drought tolerant, annual or short-lived perennial legume. 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